full transcript
From the Ted Talk by Jacques S. Abramowicz: How does ultrasound work?
Unscramble the Blue Letters
First, the skin is covered with conductive gel. Since sound waves lose speed and clarity when traveling through air, this gooey substance ensures an airtight seal between the body and the wand emitting ultrasound waves. Then the machine operator begins sending ultrasound bemas into the body. The waves pass through lidquis like urine, blood, and amniotic fiuld without creating any echoes. But when a wave encounters a solid structure, it bcenous back. This echo is rendered as a dot on the imaging screen. oetbcjs like benos reflect the most waves, appearing as tthigly packed dots frnoimg bgrhit white shapes. Less dense objects appear in fainter shades of gray, slowly creating an imgae of the fetus’s internal organs.
Open Cloze
First, the skin is covered with conductive gel. Since sound waves lose speed and clarity when traveling through air, this gooey substance ensures an airtight seal between the body and the wand emitting ultrasound waves. Then the machine operator begins sending ultrasound _____ into the body. The waves pass through _______ like urine, blood, and amniotic _____ without creating any echoes. But when a wave encounters a solid structure, it _______ back. This echo is rendered as a dot on the imaging screen. _______ like _____ reflect the most waves, appearing as _______ packed dots _______ ______ white shapes. Less dense objects appear in fainter shades of gray, slowly creating an _____ of the fetus’s internal organs.
Solution
- bounces
- objects
- beams
- tightly
- bright
- liquids
- bones
- fluid
- image
- forming
Original Text
First, the skin is covered with conductive gel. Since sound waves lose speed and clarity when traveling through air, this gooey substance ensures an airtight seal between the body and the wand emitting ultrasound waves. Then the machine operator begins sending ultrasound beams into the body. The waves pass through liquids like urine, blood, and amniotic fluid without creating any echoes. But when a wave encounters a solid structure, it bounces back. This echo is rendered as a dot on the imaging screen. Objects like bones reflect the most waves, appearing as tightly packed dots forming bright white shapes. Less dense objects appear in fainter shades of gray, slowly creating an image of the fetus’s internal organs.
Frequently Occurring Word Combinations
ngrams of length 2
collocation |
frequency |
high frequency |
2 |
ultrasound beams |
2 |
sound waves |
2 |
tightly packed |
2 |
ultrasound waves |
2 |
ultrasound machines |
2 |
medical ultrasound |
2 |
Important Words
- air
- airtight
- amniotic
- appearing
- beams
- begins
- blood
- body
- bones
- bounces
- bright
- clarity
- conductive
- covered
- creating
- dense
- dot
- dots
- echo
- echoes
- emitting
- encounters
- ensures
- fainter
- fluid
- forming
- gel
- gooey
- gray
- image
- imaging
- internal
- liquids
- lose
- machine
- objects
- operator
- organs
- packed
- pass
- reflect
- rendered
- screen
- seal
- sending
- shades
- shapes
- skin
- slowly
- solid
- sound
- speed
- structure
- substance
- tightly
- traveling
- ultrasound
- urine
- wand
- wave
- waves
- white